Friday, December 27, 2019

Influence of The Cold War and on Literature - 992 Words

The age of McCarthyism from 1945 through 1963 was a time of great tension and fear in American history. The emotions in society influenced the writing of that time, resulting in two of the most powerful plays ever written: Inherit the Wind and The Crucible. These stories reflect the attitudes and personas of what was prevalent in the world at the time they were written. Inherit the Wind, written by Robert E. Lee and ___ Lawrence, has an array of characters that mirror the world during McCarthyism. The greatest similarity between Inherit the Wind and its historical context is evident in the character of Brady and Senator Joseph McCarthy’s personality. Joseph McCarthy exhibited a compelling style when orating speeches that came to define†¦show more content†¦Since this particular argument is something the town believes in, Brady is an automatic hero, and Cates becomes a preordained villain. Hornbeck’s character in Inherit the Wind was used to portray another side of McCarthyism; the role of the media and the use of propaganda. He is a metaphor for the entire newspaper industry during this time period. When explaining to Rachel his style of writing he crows, â€Å"I do hateful things, for which people love me,/And lovable things for which they hate me./I am a friend of enemies, the enemy of friends; I am admired for my detestability...† (Lawrence and Lee 33) An important event in the history of the Cold War was the Korean War. In history, it was fought between North and South Korea, and each side was supported by one of the major combatants in the Cold War. The North was supported by the Soviet Union, and the South was supported by the United States through the United Nations. (Race for the Superbomb. The Korean War | PBS) This â€Å"proxy war† was a way for the two sides of the Cold War to meet on the battlefield indirectly. The relationship between Drummond and Brady is an allegory to what happened during the Korean War. Cate s’ dilemma was a way for Drummond and Brady to fight against each other, but in an indirect fashion. They fought each other by fighting someone else’ battles for them. It was a way for them to collide without personal damage. Influences of this themeShow MoreRelatedThe Spy and The Bravo785 Words   |  3 PagesSpy fiction is defined as a genre of literature that focuses on the activities of spies and the world of espionage. The genre dates back to the mid to late 19th century. An early example of a spy novel is by an American novelist James Fenimore Cooper; The spy (1821) and The Bravo (1831). Spy fiction would mostly be influenced by events that have occurred in the real world such as, the Cold War, which will be discussed in this essay and how it became to influence the writing of spy fiction and howRead MoreThe Cold War: An Inspiration for Years to Come1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War: An Inspiration for Years to Come All throughout time and history people have been at war with each other at one point or another. War can, truthfully, at times be inescapable and considered by some historians as a natural instinct, an instinct that every human being possess. Throughout history mighty empires and governments have collapsed due to the damages inflicted on by a war, yet in spite of this, some have managed to face the odds and make it through, staggering along as if nothingRead MoreInevitable Cold War On The United States And The Soviet War1683 Words   |  7 Pages Unavoidable Cold War Irina Shemetova History 12 Chris Nielsen, PhD June 13, 2015 Unavoidable Cold War The phrase cold war is associated with the so-called competition of the United States and the USSR, which began almost immediately after the Second World War. The Soviet Union was in fact a serious competitor to the United States in terms of the international prestige and as one of the most influential superpowers of the world at that time. Instead, the partnership between theRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Cold Mountain 1298 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Charles Frazier’s first novel, Cold Mountain, has earned him a great amount of notoriety. From having a film adaptation of his novel in 2003, to receiving a National Book Award in fiction in 1997. Cold Mountain opens with a quotation from a journal entry by Charles Darwin: â€Å"It is difficult to believe in the dreadful but quiet war of organic beings, going on in the peaceful woods and smiling fields.† And indeed, Frazier’s acclaimed novel describes a war of beings built of flesh and blood–ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Cold Mountain 1296 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Frazier’s first novel, Cold Mountain, has earned him a great amount of notoriety. From having a film adaptation of his novel in 2003, to receiving a National Book Award in fiction in 1997. Cold Mountain opens with a quotation from a journal entry by Charles Darwin: â€Å"It is difficult to believe in the dreadful but quiet war of organic beings, going on in the peaceful woods and smiling fields.† And indeed, Frazier’s acclaimed novel describes a war of beings built of flesh and blood–of courseRead MoreWar s Effect On The American Voice1737 Words   |  7 PagesVietnam and the Cold war to shape his stories. His contribution to the American voice is unique as he not only includes deep physical and psychological elements into his works, but also uses unorthodox methods to blur the lines between what really happened to characters (and what happened to Tim O’Brien during his life). Tim O’Brien’s experiences in Vietnam shaped his unique writing style, while this particular style created deep description of the physical and psychological effects of war, while incorporatingRead MoreNuclear War And The Cold War Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesknow the Cold War as a period of political and state tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. This era is often associated with the advancement of scientific research and arms build up as a result of the competition between these world superpowers, especially through the development of the nuclear bomb. Aside from the actual politics of the Cold War, Joseph Masco, professor of anthropology at the University of Chicago, argues in his novel, The Theater of Operations, that the Cold War providedRead MoreThe Butter Battle Book By Dr. Seuss1480 Words   |  6 PagesWar is dangerous, unpredictable, and destructive. World history has been witness. It is responsible for disease, poverty, famine, epidemics, separation of families, and violence. In addition, war inevitably results in serious, negative effects on the environment and the economy. The Butter Battle Book by Dr. Seuss is a symbolic representation of the Cold War which is not a suitable topic to expose children to n a children s book. Dwight D. Eisenhower would not go down in history for his accomplishmentsRead MoreParallels Between Witchcraft And Mccarthyism1405 Words   |  6 PagesSalem, Massachusetts, and McCarthyism all across America many of the traits were historically similar and based on little or no evidence. When looking back on witchcraft in the 1600s and McCarthyism in the 1940s and 50s life at the time had many influences and many things parallel; both were caused by fear and paranoia and resulted in destruction. The witch trials in Salem and the hearings all across America about McCarthyism were influenced by daily activities and daily life. The Salem witch trialsRead MoreAmerica s World War II870 Words   |  4 PagesThere is no doubt that America’s World War II is a rich source of literature and a theme for many writers. As result, they wrote many works about war literature, such as novels, poetry, plays, diaries, and personal narrative. The American Literature was formed by the history of the state that produced it just like in other nationwide literature. America was just a cluster of colonies scattered alongside the eastern seaboard of the North American continent for approximately a century

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Project Av Based On Ethical Issues - 1850 Words

Say you’re in the market for a new car and are given the choice between a standard vehicle, or an autonomous vehicle (AV). The typical vehicle you operate and drive yourself, while the AV does that for you, thus allowing you the freedom to do other tasks while in the car. Which would you choose? Personally, a self-driving car sounds extremely time saving. However, before we get too comfortable with the idea of a vehicle that can operate itself, we must consider the ethical issues involved with such an invention. We must also determine how AVs should be programmed in order to handle hard ethical dilemmas. I think AV’s should be programmed in a way that they prioritize their passenger’s safety, while still attempting to minimize overall harm done outside the vehicle. To promote this thesis, I will look at two thought experiments, the potential outcomes, and the best way to program AV based on certain ethical views such as consequentialism. I will then show why I be lieve prioritizing passenger’s safety is important. This paper does not intend to provide a clear solution to the ethical issues surrounding AVs, but rather intends to address factors, in addition to minimizing harm that programmers need to consider. To begin, let’s examine a thought-experiment. Say you are driving down the highway in your brand new AV and suddenly the wood-logs of the wood-carrying semi-truck in front of you unexpectedly come loose and start barreling towards your car. The car cannot brake fastShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics6343 Words   |  26 PagesProject Paper The Role of Cultural Values in Business Ethics: the case of ICT companies Muhammad Fikri Bin Ahmad (1022133) (Email:fikriahmad91@gmail.com) Mohamad Amali Bin Maulan (1013901) (Email: aku_amali@yahoo.com) Muhammad Muslim Bin Samsudin(1012545) (Email: aim_messi@yahoo.com) Tengku Muhammad Ihsan bin Tengku Hishamuddin (1027923) (Email: ihsan_libra@hotmail.com) MGT 3020 Business Ethics Section 1 IIUM Gombak 15th June 2011 The Role of Cultural Values in BusinessRead MoreEssay on Motivation and Performance Thesis28090 Words   |  113 PagesPerformance A Case Study of Project Team Motivation in relation to Project Model Usage in the Matrix Organisation Master of Science Thesis in the Masters programme International Project Management SANDRA NORBERG Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NORTHUMBRIA UNIVERSITY Gà ¶teborg, Sweden 2010 Master‟s Thesis 2010:96 MASTER THESIS 2010:96 Motivating for Performance A Case Study of Project Team Motivation in relationRead MoreSyllabus - Basic Computer Concepts2296 Words   |  10 PagesCourse and Time Allotment (3 units; 3 hours a week): |Specific Objectives |Topics/Subject Matter |Teaching Strategies/ Methodologies |Evaluation Techniques |Educational Technology; AV |TIMEFRAME | | | | | |Aids/EquipmentRead MoreCyber Espionage3573 Words   |  15 Pagesof public activity on social networking sites like  Face book  and Twitter. Such operations, like non-cyber espionage, are typically illegal in the victim country while fully supported by the highest level of government in the aggressor country. The ethical situation likewise depends on ones viewpoint, particularly ones opinion of the governments involved. Crime and espionage form a dark underworld of cyberspace. Whereas crime is usually the first to seek out new opportunities and methods, espionageRead MoreStudent Academic Code Of Conduct And This Assignment Complies With The Code6050 Words   |  25 Pages Faculty of Management MBA 506 – Consulting Project Submitted to: Jim Swaffield Instructor, MBA 506 Submitted on: 24 August, 2015 Student Name: Paul Thomas Student ID: 577052772 Section: 71 Read MorePrinciples of Management: MCQ31501 Words   |  127 PagesWinslow Taylor. (True; moderate; p. 30) 6. â€Å"Employee motivation† is the phrase most associated with scientific management. (False; moderate; p. 30) 7. The primary issue that motivated Taylor to create a more scientific approach to management was worker satisfaction. (False; moderate; p. 30-31) 8. Based on his scientific management principles, Taylor suggested the incentive pay principle. (True; moderate; p. 31) 9. Geert Hofstede is associated with the scientific managementRead MoreBusiness Case: Marketing Research for Customers Segmentation12172 Words   |  49 Pages............................................ 5 2.4 Preferred Solution .................................................................................................. 6 3 Project .................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Project Plan ........................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 Research objectives ...............................Read MoreConference and Banquet Management5543 Words   |  23 Pagestransportation and program logistics. A DMC provides a ground service based on local knowledge of their given destinations. These services can be transportation, hotel accommodation, restaurants, activities, excursions, conference venues, themed events, gala dinners a nd logistics, meetings, incentive schemes as well as helping with overcoming language barriers. By acting as purchasing consortia, DMCs can provide preferential rates based on the buying power they have with their preferred suppliers. TheRead MoreComprehensive Security Management Plan8534 Words   |  35 PagesColorado Technical University Comprehensive Security Management Plan for Colorado History Individual Project 5 By Roy A. Kelly II Colorado Springs, Colorado December 22, 2012 Table of Contents Project Outline 4 Security Requirements 5 Organizational Chart (Colorado Historical Society, 2012) 5 Proposed Security Working Group 6 Security Business Requirements 9 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) 9 Capability Levels 11 Base Practices 11 ProceduresRead MoreCauses of Loitering Problems10544 Words   |  43 Pages565  © Sociologickà ½ à ºstav AV ÄÅ'R, v.v.i., Praha 2011 The Formation of Identity in Teenage Mall Microculture: A Case Study of Teenagers in Czech Malls* JANA SPILKOVà  and LUCIE RADOVà ** Charles University, Prague Abstract: Geographies of children and youth are a surprisingly neglected research topic in the transforming (post-communist) countries, where many societal changes are taking place. This article introduces a research project that focused on teenagers and their leisure-time activities, concentrating

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Considerations for doing the play to Kill a Mocking Essay Example For Students

Considerations for doing the play to Kill a Mocking Essay We are doing the play to Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee. When I found out we were doing this play I was very pleased as we had studied it briefly in English during year 8 and I had enjoyed it immensely and looked forward to learning many new dramatical skills. I then wonder3ed what dramatical skills I would learn or improve on. Initially I thought it would be a lot of analysis and then re-enactments of certain scenes. Then I thought we may have a look at different ways people could have handled things in scenes so a bit of improvisation. Below are some of the dramas kills we used and how they helped: Drama Skills/Tasks/Scenes!  Spontaneous and Planned Improvisation We showed what we thought would have happened in scenes that werent in the play. Here I learnt how to have a different perspective on characters and to think deeply about their personality and characteristics. Spontaneous Improvisation as when we had very little time to prepare and barely had time to run through it and planned was when we had longer. This was my favourite activity as it involved the most free type of acting where we made up what happened ourselves with a basis of what we may be thinking. Staging We did plays where are main concern was not acting but staging. Here I learnt that setting a stage is immensely difficult and requires a lot of work. The benefits of a good stage are it makes the whole play easier for the audience to understand and makes the acting more realistic if there is a good backdrop. This was the activity I found hardest as you had to think about everything from everything angle and think how compatible everything looked together. Thought tracking Here we deeply entered the characters mind finding out their thoughts about what was happening in the scene, this was really helpful as it added another dimension to our drama work as we really had to get inside the character.  Mime This was helpful when we were doing scenes, which involved a lot of facial expressions as it left us to fully concentrate on them instead of looking at our script, or remembering what we had to say, this was great for shorter scenes. Script work Here we read out parts of the play with a different person reading a different character. This was quite new to me in school, as we had only done it before when studying Romeo and Juliet, this was invaluable as it taught me a lot about the play, and we found out what happened. We also did scenes that involved us reading from the script, most of our scenes were like this. This was probably my least favourite activity as it was boring and you could not display full acting skills as you were constantly checking your script. Tension/Lighting Work This is where we acted out a very tense scene using lighting to increase and decrease tension. This was quite hard as it involved us to think about acting and if we wanted the light dim if we could read our scripts, and if tension is increased by having the light brighter or Dimmer.  Status This is where we ad to convey a feeling of lower and higher status between two people. I found this quite easy and fun as I had done it a lot last year in Drama. The scenes I remember doing are:  Rabid Dog scene: Here the drama skills we used were, script work, and staging. We prepared in groups of 6, to do a play where we would be focusing on a dog with rabies that was off screen, in the scene there was a porch, a garden, a road two houses and we had to work out where everything was. I found this quite difficult, as there was a lot to think about, and not very fun as it was very complicated and involved us reading off the script.  Tension Scene: Here the Drama skills used were, Lighting, script work. We prepared in groups of about 7 a scene where a man (atticus) gets confronted by an angry mob where there is a lot of tension, which gets slowly diffused by the innocence of a small child.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 Essay Example

Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 Paper Clifford Geertz has used symbolic and interpreted anthropology as a way of revealing ideas on Balinese culture, the symbol being the cockfight. Geertz had difficulty at first communicating and relating with the local people, however once he experienced the cockfight and ran away from the police like the locals did he was immediately welcomed and of high interest to the people of the town as it was of amusement. Here he states â€Å"In Bali, to be teased is to be accepted. It was the turning point so far as our relationship to the community was concerned, and we were quite literally ‘in’. † (Geertz 1993:416). Here he explains how suddenly from this experience he was able to bond. , therefore it was through the cockfight Geertz could learn and communicate the Balinese culture. Geertz goes on to use this banal and mundane practice to unpack the tellings of this certain culture. He does not look for absolute truth but rather the meaning. He holds no views he just passes on his understanding, for example people may argue that cockfighting is morally wrong and barbaric however Geertz does not convey any judgement he is concerned in what the cockfight means for the Balinese, for example â€Å"the cock who landed the first blow usually proceeds to finish off his weakened opponent. But this is far from an inevitable outcome, for if a cock can walk, he can fight, and if he can fight he can kill, and what counts is which cock expires first† (Geertz 1993:423). We will write a custom essay sample on Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Deep play/ balinese cockfight Clifford Geertz 1993 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Bentham argues against the betting, as he believes it to be irrational, Geertz counters this argument by suggesting people do irrational things the whole time and that it doesn’t matter because the important thing in this situation is status, therefore bringing in the politics of the practice. Geertz implies that the cockfight is a way of expressing power from which they don’t usually have. â€Å"As much of America surfaces in a ball park, on a golf link, at a race track, or around a poker table, much of bali surfaces in a cock ring. For it is only apparently cocks that are fighting. Actually it is men† (Geertz 1993:417) Geertz has used this cockfight as not only a way to experience and communicate with the locals and its culture but also as an illustration of a method. It has been analysed in a way to create an analogy and reveal big themes in Balinese society such as status, inequality, rage and passion. What he has done is similar to Shakespeare in his plays. Geertz’s approach is entirely a symbolic analysis with no deep empathy. Although he brings out a lot of interesting theories and suggestions from symbolising this can be criticised because it is purely an interpretation, therefore how can we verify it?

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Manhattan Project And The A-Bomb Essays - Manhattan Project

Manhattan Project And The A-Bomb Essays - Manhattan Project Manhattan Project and the A-Bomb Just before the beginning of World War II, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Urged by Hungarian-born physicists Leo Szilard, Eugene Wingner, and Edward Teller, Einstein told Roosevelt about Nazi German efforts to purify Uranium-235 which might be used to build an atomic bomb. Shortly after that the United States Government began work on the Manhattan Project. The Manhattan Project was the code name for the United States effort to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans did. "The first successful experiments in splitting a uranium atom had been carried out in the autumn of 1938 at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin"(Groueff 9) just after Einstein wrote his letter. So the race was on. Major General Wilhelm D. Styer called the Manhattan Project "the most important job in the war . . . an all-out effort to build an atomic bomb."(Groueff 5) It turned out to be the biggest development in warfare and science's biggest development this century. The most complicated issue to be addressed by the scientists working on the Manhattan Project was "the production of ample amounts of 'enriched' uranium to sustain a chain reaction."(Outlaw 2) At the time, Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Of the Uranium ore mined, only about 1/500 th of it ended up as Uranium metal. Of the Uranium metal, "the fissionable isotope of Uranium (Uranium- 235) is relatively rare, occurring in Uranium at a ratio of 1 to 139."(Szasz 15) Separating the one part Uranium-235 from the 139 parts Uranium-238 proved to be a challenge. "No ordinary chemical extraction could separate the two isotopes. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate U-235 from U-238."(2) Scientists at Columbia University solved this difficult problem. A "massive enrichment laboratory/plant"(Outlaw 2) was built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. H. C. Urey, his associates, and colleagues at Columbia University designed a system that "worked on the principle of gaseous diffusion."(2) After this process was completed, "Ernest O. Lawrence (inventor of the Cyclotron) at the University of California in Berkeley implemented a process involving magnetic separation of the two isotopes."(2) Finally, a gas centrifuge was used to further separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. The Uranium-238 is forced to the bottom because it had more mass than the Uranium-235. "In this manner uranium-235 was enriched from its normal 0.7% to weapons grade of more than 90%."(Grolier 5) This Uranium was then transported to "the Los Alamos, N. Mex., laboratory headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer."(Grolier 5) "Oppenheimer was the major force behind the Manhattan Project. He literally ran the show and saw to it that all of the great minds working on this project made their brainstorms work. He oversaw the entire project from its conception to its completion."(Outlaw 3) Once the purified Uranium reached New Mexico, it was made into the components of a gun-type atomic weapon. "Two pieces of U-235, individually not large enough to sustain a chain reaction, were brought together rapidly in a gun barrel to form a supercritical mass that exploded ineztaneously."(Grolier 5) "It was originally nicknamed 'Thin Man'(after Roosevelt, but later renamed 'Little Boy' (for nobody) when technical changes shortened the proposed gun barrel."(Szasz 25) The scientists were so confident that the gun-type atomic bomb would work "no test was conducted, and it was first employed in military action over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945."(Grolier 5) Before the Uranium-235 "Little Boy" bomb had been developed to the "point of seeming assured of success,"(Grolier 5) another bomb was proposed. The Uranium-238 that had been earlier ruled out as an option was being looked at. It could capture a free neutron without fissioning and become Uranium-239. "But the Uranium-239 thus produced is unstable (radioactive) and decays first to neptunium-239 and then to plutonium-239."(Grolier 5) This proved to be useful because the newly created plutonium-239 is fissionable and it can "be separated from uranium by chemical techniques,"(6) which would be far simpler than the physical processes to separate the Uranium-235 from the Uranium-238. Once again the University of Chicago, under Enrico Fermi's direction built the first reactor. "This led to the construction of five large reactors at Hanford, Wash., where U-238 was irradiated with neutrons and transmuted into plutonium."(6)

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Alcohol and Nutrition essays

Alcohol and Nutrition essays Have you ever wondered how alchol effects your health? Well today is your lucky day. I will talk about the various ways that alcohol effects your health. Alcohol is a term applied to members of a group of chemical compounds and, in popular usuage to the specific compound ethyl alcohol, or ethanol (Alcohol). There are 10g of alcohol in an alcoholic drink. Alcoholic is not a toxin or nutrient, even though it does contribute energy to the body (Sizer, and Whitney 334). The brain responds different, when alcohol reaches different levels in the brain. When the alcohol reaches in 0.05 our judgement is impaired. Our emotional control is impaired when the alcohol reaches 0.10 in our brain. Our muscle control is impaired once the alcohol reaches 0.15. Our vision is impaired, once the alcohol levels reaches 0.20. We are in a stupor once our brains alcohol level reaches 0.35. When our alcohol level reaches 0.50 through 0.60 we will loss conscious and sometimes we will stay in coma, and never wake up (Sizer, and Whitney 172). There are many myths that are associated with alcohol. First, many people think that a shoot warms you up, when really the alcohol diverts blood flow to the skin making you feel warmer, but it is actually cooling the body. Second, wine and beer are mild so they do not lead to addiction, most people believe, but wine and beer drinkers would have high rates of death from alcohol related illnesses, and it is not what you drink but how much that makes the difference. Third, People think that mixing drinks is what gives you a hang over, but it is too much alcohol in any form that gives you a hangover. Fourth, people believe that alcohol is a stimulant, when really it is a depressant, and depresses the brain activity. Fifth, people believe that since alcohol is legally that it is not a drug, but it is a drug because it alters the body functions and is medically defined as a depressant drug (Sizer, and Whitne...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

High-speed Train Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

High-speed Train - Essay Example According to Secretary Ray LaHood, "8 billion dollars has been set aside for high speed rail. What jump starts our opportunity in America is the President's initiative that Congress passed to put $8 billion in the economic recovery" (Secretary Ray LaHood, D.O.T) I believe that the construction and usage of high speed train transportation between these 2 metropolitan areas would effectively reduce pollution and congestion, as it will take many cars off the roads. It is estimated that about 170,000 vehicles travel the I-15 into Las Vegas. Woody Woodrow, who is a resident of Las Vegas and a native of Los Angeles, stated that "if the price was right and the timing was right and it took less than a flight to get here, I would absolutely take it. I think it's a great idea" (Woodward Woody, Las Vegas resident) High speed rail can be said to be a proven technology, as decades of experience on the use of high speed rail in other parts of the world have shown. Thus, high speed rail provides a comfortable and convenient way for Americans to travel from one city to another. These 2 cities should endeavor to avail themselves of this technology in a comprehensive manner, as there has been heavy investment in this mode of mass transit. The population of both cities is expected to continue to rise significantly over the next few decades and although an inability to travel quickly by high speed rail between Los Angeles and Las Vegas might not currently look like a major deficiency, it probably would appear to be so in the next few decades. According to Wilton Woods (1989) "future intercity future intercity passenger mobility will be dependent on fully utilizing all of the available options. However, much of the criticism of high speed rail is based on concerns about its cost-effectiveness in the ne ar to medium term. This is of particular concern since HSR is likely to rely more heavily than other modes (automobile, air, and intercity bus) on general tax revenues as opposed to user fees/taxes, although the user fees/taxes that support those other modes may not cover their so-called externality costs i.e. costs that those modes impose on other people, such as environmental pollution and deaths and injuries due to crashes" (Wilton Woods 1989) Critics of high speed rail travel say that it is not very cost effective, but numerous benefits have been cited in support of the development of high speed rail, including the reduction of pollution and energy usage in the transportation sector, the potential to alleviate airport and highway congestion, improving transportation safety, promoting economic development, the provision of more options for travelers, and increasing the reliability of transport by increasing redundancy in the transportation system. Alleviation of congestion in airports and highways High speed rail has the capability of relieving air traffic and highway congestion in heavily traveled corridors. The use of high speed rail